摆渡人
After the desert turns green, harder work begins_我的网站
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At 29, Shi belongs to a new generation of desert-control workers equipped with drones, machines and remote irrigation systems. An earth auger can now do in a day what once required about 200 laborers, while a single phone can control drip irrigation across more than 1,000 mu (about 66.67 hectares) of woodland.
For the older Shi's generation, the challenge was getting trees to survive in moving dunes. For the grandson, it is figuring out how to make those forests healthier and more resilient for decades to come.
Their story captures a broader shift in desert control along the southern edge of the Maowusu Desert in northwest China's Shaanxi Province: turning shifting sand into forest was only the beginning.
In 1986, Shi Guangyin, Shi Jianyang's grandfather, led more than 300 villagers into Langwosha, a sandy area in Dingbian County in Yulin City. He had raised 60,000 yuan (about 17,377 U.S. dollars at the time) by selling his family's 84 sheep and borrowing from relatives and banks to contract 3,500 mu of barren sandy land.
The early setbacks were severe. Strong winds destroyed about 90 percent of the saplings in the first year, and about 80 percent of those planted the following year failed to survive.
After seeking advice from forestry experts, Shi and the villagers laid out checkerboard-shaped barriers on windward slopes to hold the sand in place, then planted trees, shrubs and grasses within them. Sapling survival rates rose to about 80 percent.
Over the next four decades, Shi and those working alongside him treated 250,000 mu of sandy and saline-alkali land, with more than 53 million trees and shrubs taking root.
Greening the Maowusu Desert is part of a much larger national undertaking. It is one of the three major battlefronts of China's Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program, a decades-long effort to curb desertification across northern China.
China has made desertification control a national ecological priority. Since 2023, the country has stepped up efforts under the program, with greater emphasis on systematic restoration and on consolidating earlier gains.
Decades after the first trees took root, a new challenge emerged. Poplars planted decades ago for their rapid growth began reaching the end of their life cycle, with large numbers of trees dying, while forests dominated by a single species were more vulnerable to pests and disease.
Making a forest was one challenge. Keeping it healthy for another generation is another.
Shi Jianyang grew up watching his grandfather and father work to hold back the sand. His father, Shi Zhanjun, spent years planting trees alongside Shi Guangyin before dying in a road accident in 2008 while transporting saplings.
As a boy, Shi Jianyang sometimes resented the work that had taken his father. He spent summer holidays in makeshift tents in the sandy land, eating meals gritty with sand. During planting season, his father would return home with painful blisters in his mouth.
Yet he eventually chose forestry himself.
After studying forestry technology in university, Shi returned home in 2020 and began working in desert control. His team, initially made up of just seven or eight young locals, later brought in university graduates with expertise in soil science, landscaping and pest control.
The younger generation faced a different question: not simply how to make trees survive, but how to make a forest last.
Shi and his team spent more than 40 days in a 5,000-mu woodland setting up sample plots, measuring rainfall, studying soil microorganisms and tracking tree lodging. They proposed renewing aging forests with better-planned forest structures and expanded the planting of Mongolian pine, a long-lived evergreen species that had been successfully tested locally.
To date, about 50,000 mu of land has been planted with Mongolian pine. As some trees fail to survive and require replacement in subsequent planting seasons, the cumulative area of planting operations has reached about 65,000 mu.
Technology has also changed daily work. Drones patrol forests from the air, mechanized equipment dig planting pits, and irrigation can be managed remotely. Sapling survival rates, which Shi Guangyin's generation had raised to about 80 percent through improved sand-control and planting methods, have climbed further to about 92 percent with greater mechanization and more precise management.
Shi said the changes can be felt on the ground. Strong sandstorms have become rare, winds are weaker inside the forest, and the ground stays moist longer after rain. Summer days beneath the trees also feel cooler, while morning dew appears more often. The changes lead him to rethink desert control.
His approach also reflects a broader effort in China's desert regions to link ecological restoration with local livelihoods, giving communities a stronger economic stake in protecting restored land.
With his grandfather's support, Shi and his team have been looking for ways to make better use of the restored land as ecological conditions improve. They have developed potato seedlings suited to sandy soil, promoted greenhouse farming, and set up a livestock cooperative, while increasingly growing potatoes, watermelons and peppers on land once prone to losing water and nutrients.
Shi has also turned to livestreaming e-commerce to market potatoes and other local farm produce, while developing forest-based health and leisure projects. More than 2,000 local residents have seen their incomes rise steadily as farming, livestock breeding and other businesses have developed.
"We used to fear the sand and keep away from it. Now we understand it and know how to make use of it," Shi Guangyin said. "Today, there are opportunities to make a living everywhere in this sandy land."
Across Yulin, forest coverage has risen from 1.8 percent in 1949 to 34.8 percent, while shifting dunes that once encroached on villages have been brought under control.
For Shi Jianyang, however, the green landscape is not proof that the work is finished. "Planting a tree is not difficult," he said. "The difficult part is looking after it for decades."
The grandfather generation learned how to stop the sand. The young generation is learning how to make what grew there last.
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原标题：【国际锐评】想搞“核”暗箱操作的美英澳又被亮红灯美英澳三国小圈子想搞暗箱操作把核潜艇合作“洗白白”，结果迎来第四次失败。12日，国际原子能机构理事会会议第四次协商一致决定，以单独正式议题形式讨论美英澳核潜艇合作有关问题。这意味着，三国核潜艇合作不是三国可以私自处理的，必须由机构成员国共同来管。
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C | 一年前的9月15日，美英澳宣布建立三边安全合作伙伴（奥库斯AUKUS），核心计划是美英将协助澳大利亚打造核动力潜艇。
D | 这其中涉及的核武器材料转让本质上是核扩散，它将加剧军备竞赛，破坏地区和平稳定，严重冲击国际核不扩散体系，因此引发国际社会极大关切。美英澳都是《不扩散核武器条约》的缔约国，理应履行核不扩散义务。但三国无视国际原子能机构理事会以协商一致方式通过的核潜艇合作相关议题，另起炉灶，企图同机构秘书处擅自谈判核潜艇合作保障监督安排，以遮掩核扩散行径。无论它们玩什么花样，都无法改变一个基本事实：三国核潜艇合作涉及武器级浓缩铀及相关技术、设备的转让，存在严重核扩散风险，违反《不扩散核武器条约》的目的和宗旨，超出了国际原子能机构秘书处的职责范围，必须由机构成员国共同讨论决定。现在，国际原子能机构理事会会议连续四次挫败美英澳的暗箱操作，说明大家都看清了奥库斯的本质就是搞拉帮结伙、冷战对抗那一套，看清美英一边就朝核、伊核问题表达关切、一边在同澳核潜艇合作问题上“开绿灯”，是典型的双标。从去年9月奥库斯成立，到当年11月签署《海军核动力信息交换协议》、正式允许澳获取美英机密的核潜艇信息，再到今年3月澳声称将在东海岸建造一个新潜艇基地、用来停靠澳未来的核潜艇并支持美英核潜艇定期访问，这一系列举动让地区国家越来越不安。中国、印度尼西亚等国都向8月份举行的《不扩散核武器条约》第十次审议大会提交了工作文件，就核动力潜艇合作引发的核扩散风险提出诸多关切。
E | 然而到目前，美英澳三国没有回应国际社会关切，仍在核潜艇合作细节上遮遮掩掩，还霸道地给国际原子能机构有效实施监管出难题。这个盎格鲁—撒克逊小圈子想在亚太地区干什么，大家都能看出来——无非是想将北约挑动地区冲突对抗的老套路复制到亚太地区。印尼战略与国际研究中心资深研究员及联合创始人尤素福·瓦南迪表示，美英澳三国核潜艇合作，使地区陷入严重的核扩散风险，印尼各方表示强烈愤怒。核武器是悬在人类头上的“达摩克利斯之剑”。联合国秘书长古特雷斯警告说，目前核武器被使用的风险可能是冷战时代以来最高的。美英澳核潜艇合作绝不是它们的私事，更不能由它们说了算。如何履行防扩散义务，三国必须给世界一个交代，它们别想把“核”谋藏进暗箱。
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